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1. 项目概述

这是一个学生信息管理系统，学生信息主要包括：学号，姓名，性别，出生日期，班级；暂时就只有这些信息，若后续需要，可以相应的进行添加。
该项目主要采用的技术是 Java GUI 设计，这个地方主要用 Java 工具 windowsbuilder 进行布局，（windowsbuilder没有安装或者不会安装的，可以看看我的这篇博客 Eclipse 安装 windowbuilder插件 ），MySql 数据库（MySql 数据库没有安装的 或者数据库使用软件 Navicat 没有安装的可以看看我的这篇博客 2021 MySql 8.0.26 安装教程（最详细的傻瓜教程） ），以及使用 Java 中的 JDBC 将数据库链接起来。

2. 数据库的建立

由于在项目中没有创建学生数据库的功能，所以学生数据库必须要先建立好，下面给出如何建立好MySQL学生数据库的相关代码 + 图片

-- 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE niit
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;

SHOW DATABASES;

-- 使用数据库niit
USE niit;

-- 创建表Student
CREATE TABLE Student
(
	ID INT PRIMARY KEY, 
	NAME VARCHAR(4),
	GENDER CHAR(1),
	DOB DATE,
	BATCH INT
);

-- 插入记录
INSERT INTO Student VALUES
(1,'独孤求败','男','1988-1-2',1),
(2,'周芷若','女','1988-12-3',1),
(3,'金毛狮王','男','1978-11-1',1),
(4,'蒙挚','男','1989-2-5',2),
(5,'夏春','女','1998-4-3',2),
(6,'梅长苏','男','1999-12-6',2);

-- 查看表中所有记录 语法：select * from 表名
SELECT * FROM Student;

3. 项目页面

主页面

添加学生

修改信息

删除学生

查询信息

4. 项目代码 + 分析

主页面

java">package studentsmanager;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class MainFrame extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	// 有了main函数才可以单独运行
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					MainFrame frame = new MainFrame();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public MainFrame() {
		// 设置大小不可改变
		setResizable(false);
		// 设置标题
		setTitle("学生管理系统");
		// 由于这是主页面，所有当主页面关闭的时候，程序就直接退出
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		// setBounds(int x,int y,int width,int height);
		// x 和 y 是窗口打开时的位置
		// width 和 height 是窗口打宽度和高度
		setBounds(100, 100, 450, 350);
		// setLocationRelativeTo(c)
		// 设置窗口相对于 c 的位置，当 c 为空或者 null 时，默认为是相对于屏幕中央
		setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		// 实例化一个 pane
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(null);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("学生管理系统");
		lblNewLabel.setForeground(Color.RED);
		lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 25));
		lblNewLabel.setBounds(140, 10, 163, 44);
		contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);
		
		JButton addButton = new JButton("添加学生");
		// addActionListener 注册监听器
		addButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				// 设置新窗口可见
				new AddFrame().setVisible(true);
			}
		});
	
		addButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		addButton.setBounds(167, 64, 114, 37);
		contentPane.add(addButton);
		
		JButton changeButton = new JButton("修改信息");
		changeButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				// 同上
				new ChangeFrame().setVisible(true);
			}
		});
		changeButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		changeButton.setBounds(167, 121, 114, 37);
		contentPane.add(changeButton);
		
		JButton deleteButton = new JButton("删除学生");
		deleteButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				// 同上
				new DeleteFrame().setVisible(true);
			}
		});
		deleteButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		deleteButton.setBounds(167, 180, 114, 37);
		contentPane.add(deleteButton);
		
		JButton queryButton = new JButton("查询信息");
		queryButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				// 同上
				new QueryFrame().setVisible(true);
			}
		});
		queryButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		queryButton.setBounds(167, 240, 114, 37);
		contentPane.add(queryButton);
	}
}

添加学生

java">package studentsmanager;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class AddFrame extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField idField;
	private JTextField nameField;
	private JTextField genderField;
	private JTextField dobField;
	private JTextField batchField;

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					AddFrame frame = new AddFrame();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public AddFrame() {
		// 和前面类似
		setResizable(false);
		setTitle("添加学生");
		// 这个地方，添加学生只是这个程序的一部分，所以当关闭这部分的时候，程序不直接退出，只是关闭该部分程序
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
		setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470);
		setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
		
		JPanel panel = new JPanel();
		contentPane.add(panel);
		panel.setLayout(null);
		
		JLabel TitleLabel = new JLabel("请输入新学生的信息：");
		TitleLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20));
		TitleLabel.setBounds(71, 34, 208, 45);
		panel.add(TitleLabel);
		
		JLabel idLabel = new JLabel("学号：");
		idLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		idLabel.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30);
		panel.add(idLabel);
		
		idField = new JTextField();
		idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45);
		panel.add(idField);
		idField.setColumns(10);
		
		JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("姓名：");
		nameLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		nameLabel.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30);
		panel.add(nameLabel);
		
		nameField = new JTextField();
		nameField.setColumns(10);
		nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45);
		panel.add(nameField);
		
		JLabel genderLabel = new JLabel("性别：");
		genderLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		genderLabel.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30);
		panel.add(genderLabel);
		
		genderField = new JTextField();
		genderField.setColumns(10);
		genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45);
		panel.add(genderField);
		
		JLabel dobLabel = new JLabel("出生日期：");
		dobLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		dobLabel.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30);
		panel.add(dobLabel);
		
		dobField = new JTextField();
		dobField.setColumns(10);
		dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45);
		panel.add(dobField);
		
		JLabel batchLabel = new JLabel("班级：");
		batchLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		batchLabel.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30);
		panel.add(batchLabel);
		
		batchField = new JTextField();
		batchField.setColumns(10);
		batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45);
		panel.add(batchField);
		
		JButton addButton = new JButton("添加");
		// 添加鼠标监听事件
		addButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				// 先取出数据
				// getText() 返回字符串类型的
				// Integer.parseInt 数据类型转换
				int id = Integer.parseInt(idField.getText());

				String nameString = nameField.getText();

				String genderString = genderField.getText();

				String dobfieldString = dobField.getText();

				int batch = Integer.parseInt(batchField.getText());
				// 输出一下学生的信息，方便修改
				System.out.println(id + "\t" + nameString + "\t" + genderString + "\t" + dobfieldString + "\t" + batch);
				// SQLHelp 是自己写的一个工具类
				SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp();
				try {
					// 调用添加学生信息的方法
					sqlHelp.addStudent(id, nameString, genderString, dobfieldString, batch);
					// 弹出对话框，提示用户添加成功
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(AddFrame.this, "添加成功！");
				} catch (SQLException e1) {
					// 这里捕获一下异常，因为学生的学号是唯一的，所以当学号已经存在的时候，提示用户，该学生信息已存在
					// 异常代码为 23000
					if(e1.getSQLState().equals("23000")) {
						JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(AddFrame.this, "添加失败!该学生已存在");
					}
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}

			}
		});
		addButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		addButton.setBounds(182, 389, 97, 33);
		panel.add(addButton);
	}
}

添加成功：

添加失败：

修改信息

java">package studentsmanager;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;

import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class ChangeFrame extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField idField;
	private JTextField nameField;
	private JTextField genderField;
	private JTextField dobField;
	private JTextField batchField;
	private JTextField searchField;
	

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					ChangeFrame frame = new ChangeFrame();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public ChangeFrame() {
		setResizable(false);
		setTitle("修改信息");
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
		setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470);
		setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
		
		JPanel panel = new JPanel();
		contentPane.add(panel);
		panel.setLayout(null);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("请输入要修改的学生的学号：");
		lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel.setBounds(71, 0, 208, 29);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("学号：");
		lblNewLabel_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1);
		
		idField = new JTextField();
		idField.setEditable(false);
		idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45);
		panel.add(idField);
		idField.setColumns(10);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1 = new JLabel("姓名：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1);
		
		nameField = new JTextField();
		nameField.setColumns(10);
		nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45);
		panel.add(nameField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1 = new JLabel("性别：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1);
		
		genderField = new JTextField();
		genderField.setColumns(10);
		genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45);
		panel.add(genderField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1 = new JLabel("出生日期：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1);
		
		dobField = new JTextField();
		dobField.setColumns(10);
		dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45);
		panel.add(dobField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2 = new JLabel("班级：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2);
		
		batchField = new JTextField();
		batchField.setColumns(10);
		batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45);
		panel.add(batchField);
		
		JButton changeButton = new JButton("修改");
		changeButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
				
				int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText());
				
				String nameString = nameField.getText();
				
				String gendeString = genderField.getText();
				
				String dobString = dobField.getText();
				
				int batch = Integer.parseInt(batchField.getText());
				
				SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp();
				
				try {
					sqlHelp.changeStudent(id, nameString, gendeString, dobString, batch);
					
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ChangeFrame.this, "修改成功！");
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ChangeFrame.this, "修改失败！");
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
					
			}
		});
		changeButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		changeButton.setBounds(182, 389, 97, 33);
		panel.add(changeButton);
		
		searchField = new JTextField();
		searchField.setBounds(71, 39, 208, 45);
		panel.add(searchField);
		searchField.setColumns(10);
		
		JButton searchButton = new JButton("查找");
		searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
				
				int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText());
				
				try {
					
					SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp();
					
					Student student = sqlHelp.queryStudent(id);
					
					if(student != null) {
						
						// id 是直接读入的，所以就不需要从数据库中读出了
						idField.setText(String.valueOf(id));
						nameField.setText(student.getName());
						genderField.setText(student.getGender());
						dobField.setText(student.getDob());
						batchField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getBatch()));
						
					} else {
						JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ChangeFrame.this, "无此用户");
					}
					
				} catch (SQLException e1) {
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
		});
		searchButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		searchButton.setBounds(289, 42, 97, 39);
		panel.add(searchButton);
	}
}

修改前查询到学生信息

修改成功

修改失败
失败的情况是数据链接出现了问题

未查询到学生信息

删除学生

java">package studentsmanager;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;

import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class DeleteFrame extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField idField;
	private JTextField nameField;
	private JTextField genderField;
	private JTextField dobField;
	private JTextField batchField;
	private JTextField searchField;
	

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					DeleteFrame frame = new DeleteFrame();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public DeleteFrame() {
		setResizable(false);
		setTitle("删除学生");
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
		setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470);
		setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
		
		JPanel panel = new JPanel();
		contentPane.add(panel);
		panel.setLayout(null);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("请输入要删除的学生的学号：");
		lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel.setBounds(71, 0, 208, 29);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("学号：");
		lblNewLabel_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1);
		
		idField = new JTextField();
		idField.setEditable(false);
		idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45);
		panel.add(idField);
		idField.setColumns(10);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1 = new JLabel("姓名：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1);
		
		nameField = new JTextField();
		nameField.setColumns(10);
		nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45);
		panel.add(nameField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1 = new JLabel("性别：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1);
		
		genderField = new JTextField();
		genderField.setColumns(10);
		genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45);
		panel.add(genderField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1 = new JLabel("出生日期：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1);
		
		dobField = new JTextField();
		dobField.setColumns(10);
		dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45);
		panel.add(dobField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2 = new JLabel("班级：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2);
		
		batchField = new JTextField();
		batchField.setColumns(10);
		batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45);
		panel.add(batchField);
		
		JButton deleteButton = new JButton("删除");
		deleteButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				
				int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText());
				
				try {
					SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp();
					
					sqlHelp.deletestudent(id);
					
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(DeleteFrame.this, "删除成功！");
				} catch (SQLException e1) {
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(DeleteFrame.this, "删除失败");
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
		});
		deleteButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		deleteButton.setBounds(182, 389, 97, 33);
		panel.add(deleteButton);
		
		searchField = new JTextField();
		searchField.setBounds(71, 39, 208, 45);
		panel.add(searchField);
		searchField.setColumns(10);
		
		JButton searchButton = new JButton("查找");
		searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
				
				int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText());
				
				try {
					SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp();
					
					Student student = sqlHelp.queryStudent(id);
					
					if(student != null) {
						
						idField.setText(String.valueOf(id));
						nameField.setText(student.getName());
						genderField.setText(student.getGender());
						dobField.setText(student.getDob());
						batchField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getBatch()));
						
					} else {
						JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(DeleteFrame.this, "无此学生");
					}
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
				
			}
		});
		searchButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		searchButton.setBounds(289, 42, 97, 39);
		panel.add(searchButton);
	}
}

删除成功

删除失败
删除失败的时候是数据库链接出现了问题

查询到学生信息

未查询到学生

查询信息

java">package studentsmanager;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class QueryFrame extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField idField;
	private JTextField nameField;
	private JTextField genderField;
	private JTextField dobField;
	private JTextField batchField;
	private JTextField searchField;
	

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					QueryFrame frame = new QueryFrame();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public QueryFrame() {
		setResizable(false);
		setTitle("查询信息");
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
		setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470);
		setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
		
		JPanel panel = new JPanel();
		contentPane.add(panel);
		panel.setLayout(null);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("请输入要查找的学生的学号：");
		lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel.setBounds(71, 0, 208, 29);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("学号：");
		lblNewLabel_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1);
		
		idField = new JTextField();
		idField.setEditable(false);
		idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45);
		panel.add(idField);
		idField.setColumns(10);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1 = new JLabel("姓名：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1);
		
		nameField = new JTextField();
		nameField.setColumns(10);
		nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45);
		panel.add(nameField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1 = new JLabel("性别：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1);
		
		genderField = new JTextField();
		genderField.setColumns(10);
		genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45);
		panel.add(genderField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1 = new JLabel("出生日期：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1);
		
		dobField = new JTextField();
		dobField.setColumns(10);
		dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45);
		panel.add(dobField);
		
		JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2 = new JLabel("班级：");
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 16));
		lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30);
		panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2);
		
		batchField = new JTextField();
		batchField.setColumns(10);
		batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45);
		panel.add(batchField);
		
		searchField = new JTextField();
		searchField.setBounds(71, 39, 208, 45);
		panel.add(searchField);
		searchField.setColumns(10);
		
		JButton searchButton = new JButton("查找");
		searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
				
				// 1.读出要查询的学生输入的id
				// 因为学生的学号是唯一的，所以我们根据学号查询后，只会有一条数据
				// 转化一下数据类型
				int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText());
				
				// 2.执行JDBC语句
				try {
					SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp();
					
					Student student = sqlHelp.queryStudent(id);
					
					// 3.将查询结果填到文本框中
					// 前提是学生存在
					if(student != null) {
						idField.setText(String.valueOf(id));
						nameField.setText(student.getName());
						genderField.setText(student.getGender());
						dobField.setText(student.getDob());
						batchField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getBatch()));
					} else {
						// 此时学生不存在，提示用户，不存在该学生
						JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(QueryFrame.this, "无此学生");
					}
					
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
		});
		searchButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
		searchButton.setBounds(289, 42, 97, 39);
		panel.add(searchButton);
	}
}

SQLHelp 工具类

java">package studentsmanager;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public  class SQLHelp {

	public static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";  
	public static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/niit?useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&serverTimezone=UTC";

	public static final String username = "root";
	public static final String password = "011216";
	
	private Connection connection = null;
	private PreparedStatement pStatement = null;
	private ResultSet rSet = null;
	
	// 加载驱动
	// 静态初始化块（只执行一次）
	static {
		try {
			Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	// 链接数据库
	public void  connectDB() {
		try {
			connection = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,username,password);
			System.out.println("数据库链接成功");
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("数据库链接失败");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	// 关闭资源
	public void close() {
		if(rSet != null) {
			try {
				rSet.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		if(pStatement != null) {
			try {
				pStatement.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		if(connection != null) {
			try {
				connection.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public  void addStudent(int id, String nameString, String genderString, String dobString, int batch) throws SQLException {
		
		// try finally 无论是否抛出异常都将执行 finally 中的语句
		try {
			// 先链接到数据库
			connectDB();
			
			// sql 语句
			// 静态 sql 语句需要进行字符串拼接
			// 动态 sql 语句
			String addsql = "insert into student values(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
			
			pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(addsql);
			
			pStatement.setInt(1, id);
			pStatement.setString(2, nameString);
			pStatement.setString(3, genderString);
			pStatement.setString(4, dobString);
			pStatement.setInt(5, batch);
						
			pStatement.executeUpdate();
			
		} finally {
			
			close();
			
		}
		
	}
	
	public void changeStudent(int id, String nameString, String genderString, String dobString, int batch) throws SQLException {
					
		try {
			connectDB();
			
			String changesql = "update student set name = ?, gender = ?, dob = ?, batch = ? where id = ?";
					
			pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(changesql);

			pStatement.setString(1, nameString);
			pStatement.setString(2, genderString);
			pStatement.setString(3, dobString);
			pStatement.setInt(4, batch);
			pStatement.setInt(5, id);
					
			pStatement.executeUpdate();
			
		} finally {
			close();
		}	

	}

	public void deletestudent(int id) throws SQLException {
				
		try {
			
			connectDB();
			
			String deleteString = "select * from student where id = ?";

			pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(deleteString);
			
			pStatement.setInt(1, id);
			
			pStatement.execute();

		} finally {
			close();
		}
		
	}
	
	public Student queryStudent(int id) throws SQLException {
		try {
			connectDB();
			
			String querysql = "select * from student where id = ?";
			pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(querysql);
			pStatement.setInt(1, id);
			// 三种方法执行
			// execute()	都可以使用，返回true或false
			// executeQuery() 专门用于查询，返回结果集
			// executeUpdate() 专门用于删除、更新
			rSet = pStatement.executeQuery();
			
			if(rSet.next()) {
				
				String nameString = rSet.getString(2);
				String genderString = rSet.getString(3);
				String dobString = rSet.getString(4);
				int batchString = rSet.getInt(5);
				
				// 查询到学生信息返回结果集
				return new Student(nameString, genderString, dobString, batchString);
			} else {
				// 没有查询到学生信息，返回null
				return null;
			}

		} finally {
			close();
		}

	}

}

Student 工具类

java">package studentsmanager;

public class Student {

	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private String dob;
	private int batch;
	
	public Student(String name, String gender, String dob, int batch) {
		this.name = name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.dob = dob;
		this.batch = batch;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	
	public String getDob() {
		return dob;
	}
	
	public int getBatch() {
		return batch;
	}
	
}

5. 项目总结

这算一个比较完整的项目了，既有 GUI 又有 MySQL 数据库的已经 Java 的 JDBC ，虽然已经有了 GUI 界面，但很明显，没有进行任何美化，就只是简单的一个界面，勉勉强强可以看的过去，使用 JDBC 链接数据库的时候，没有实现可以直接在程序创建数据库，只能从数据库方创建数据库，这是一个缺点，同时使用 JDBC 链接数据库的时候，所使用的代码依旧是 MySQL 数据库的代码，（我 MySQL 学的不好，增删改查啥的数据库代码都还记不清楚 哭了…）还有就是当程序在进行修改和删除的时候，修改失败和删除失败的时候，都是因为数据链接失败了才进行弹窗，不知道怎么改成无法修改或者无法删除的时候提示，（又哭了…）
欢迎个位大佬指出错误，同时也欢迎各位小白借鉴，有问题的话，评论或者私聊都是可以的，看了就会回复！

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